Which of the following is a common complication of chronic kidney disease?

Anemia is a common complication of chronic kidney disease (CKD) due to the kidneys' reduced ability to produce erythropoietin, a hormone essential for the production of red blood cells. As kidney function declines, the body struggles to maintain adequate levels of erythropoietin, leading to decreased red blood cell production in the bone marrow. This results in anemia, characterized by fatigue, weakness, and pallor, among other symptoms.

Other options, while they may involve other bodily systems or conditions that can coexist with kidney disease, are not directly related to the physiological processes affected in CKD. Cirrhosis pertains to liver disease, asphyxia involves oxygen deprivation, and fibrosis typically refers to an excessive formation of connective tissue in various organs but is not a primary consequence of CKD. Consequently, anemia is recognized as a significant and direct complication stemming from the decline in kidney function caused by CKD.