Which condition is commonly associated with post-renal acute kidney injury?

Post-renal acute kidney injury occurs when there is an obstruction in the urinary tract that prevents urine from being excreted, leading to a backup of urine and increased pressure in the kidneys. Nephrolithiasis, which refers to the formation of kidney stones, is a common cause of such obstruction. When a stone blocks the ureter, it can impede the flow of urine from the kidney to the bladder, resulting in pressure buildup and renal dysfunction.

In contrast, the other conditions listed do not typically result in an obstruction within the urinary tract. Hypertension primarily affects the blood vessels and does not cause direct obstruction to urinary flow. Diabetes mellitus can lead to various kidney complications but not specifically post-renal injury due to obstruction. Liver cirrhosis may result in metabolic disturbances affecting kidney function, but it is not a direct cause of post-renal acute kidney injury. Thus, nephrolithiasis is the condition most closely associated with this type of kidney injury due to its ability to obstruct urinary outflow and cause subsequent renal impairment.