What conditions can lead to urinary incontinence?

Urinary incontinence can occur due to a variety of conditions that affect the nervous system, the urinary tract, or the prostate. Neurological disorders, such as multiple sclerosis or Parkinson’s disease, can impair the signals between the brain and bladder, leading to a lack of control over urination. Urinary tract infections can irritate the bladder and result in symptoms like urgency and incontinence. Prostate issues, including benign prostatic hyperplasia, can obstruct the flow of urine or cause bladder dysfunction, contributing to urinary incontinence in men.

Other options mentioned do not encompass the breadth of conditions that contribute to urinary incontinence effectively. While increased fluid intake or excessive exercise could theoretically impact bladder function, they are not primary causes. Conditions like kidney stones and high blood pressure may affect urinary function in different ways but are not directly linked to incontinence in the same manner. Aging and hormonal changes can play a role in urinary incontinence as well, but the list of specific conditions in the correct answer captures a wider and more clinically relevant array of causes.