How does diabetes mellitus affect urine production?

Diabetes mellitus leads to increased urine production, a condition known as polyuria. This happens primarily because high blood glucose levels result in excess glucose being filtered through the kidneys. When the concentration of glucose in the blood exceeds the renal threshold, glucose spills over into the urine, leading to osmotic diuresis. This means that glucose in the urine pulls more water along with it, resulting in increased urine volume.

Consequently, individuals with diabetes often experience frequent urination as their bodies attempt to excrete the excess glucose along with the excess fluid. The physiological response aims to manage the high blood sugar levels by diluting them through increased urine output. Thus, the correct answer reflects the impact of diabetes mellitus on urine production, which aligns with the processes of osmotic diuresis and fluid regulation in the kidneys.